Lung Cancer begins when abnormal cells in the lung grow in an uncontrolled way. Early recognition matters because timely diagnosis can expand treatment options and improve outcomes for patients across Pakistan.
Common signs of lung cancer include a cough that does not go away, chest pain, shortness of breath and instances of coughing up blood (haemoptysis). Patients may also experience persistent fatigue, unexplained weight loss and lung infections that keep recurring despite treatment.
Diagnosis typically starts with a physical examination followed by imaging such as chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans to visualise suspicious areas. Bronchoscopy is used to examine the inside of the lung directly, and a biopsy—taking a tissue sample—is performed to confirm the presence of cancer. Molecular tests may then be carried out to identify specific genetic mutations or biomarkers that guide targeted therapies.
Prevention focuses on reducing known risks: avoiding smoking and secondhand smoke, limiting exposure to air pollution, and protecting workers from occupational hazards like asbestos and harmful chemicals. These measures are particularly relevant in urban and industrial areas of Pakistan where air quality and workplace safety can be challenges.
Treatment choices depend on the type of lung cancer, how far it has spread and the individual’s medical history. Options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Emphasising early detection and prompt medical evaluation helps patients access the most appropriate treatment pathways.
